This journal provides a forum for essays, papers and other achivements about intellectual property management.

Contents
Prefatory Notes
International situation surrounding intellectual property Takashi Tsuno	2
Frequent Changes in the IP System Make Foreign Applications More Difficult Kimiaki Suzuki	4
Utilization of support system for foreign applications etc. Hiroyuki Okada	6
Contributed Papers
Avoiding Refusals of Claims to Computer-Implemented Inventions in the USPTO George Anthony Smith,Jr.	10
From Provisional to PCT: Obtaining More Robust Patent Protection Trevor Clark	14
In recent months the U.S. is Now Clearly Beginning to See a Swinging of the Pendulum Back in the Direction of a Pro-Patent Policy on Patent Subject Eligibility:The Rise of Step 2A in the Mayo-Alice Two Step Dance Timothy J. Maier, Christopher J. Maier & Stephen G. Kunin	18
Some Things for Japanese Companies to Consider When Preparing Patent Applications for Europe Stephen Haley	24
Drafting a good patent application Uwe Borchert	28
Peculiarities with EP Applications Dr. Thomas Schlief	32
Validity of a Priority Claim of a European patent Application Dr. Anton Pfau	36
Reason for refusal which Examiner tends to point out to an application from outside of country (area) Juergen Feldmeier	42
How to prepare a first country application as a basis for priority claim Jing Zhiqiang	46
The Fundamental Treatment to Technical Features of the Computer Programs－Simple Analysis of Reconstruction and Reduction of Attributes Lu Changming	48
China Founded the Intellectual Property Court of the Supreme People’s Court Ke Ke	52
The Outline of the Patent Amendment Act of 9 July 2019 with Prescribing the Punitive Damages Ea Roo Kang	59
The Identification of the Foreign Applicants by the KIPO Inhan Kim	60
How to Apply to Several Countries Considering its Costs Kevin Kim	64
Notes on Claim Drafting for Patent Applications in Taiwan Yao-Ting Huang	66
Original Papers
The Necessity of a Patent Claim by Country Toshifumi Shimada	66
Matching between consumers’ needs portfolio and patent portfolio Yoshitoshi Tanaka	70
Of the Drawing of a Patent Application (No.5) Kei Somaya	70
How to make claims and the specification easy to read in Japanese(No.1) Hiroaki Tsuno	76
84Thinking Intermediate Procedures (No.7) Kenji Tsuboi	80
Patent Statistics	82
15 Articles for Intellectual Property Management Towa Nagisa International Patent Firm	86